Biography - APJ Abdul Kalam

APJ Abdul Kalam, also known as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, was an Indian scientist and politician who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He is widely regarded as the "Missile Man of India" for his work on the development of ballistic missile technology.

Kalam was born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India. He came from a humble background, and his father was a boat owner. Despite financial struggles, Kalam was an excellent student, and he went on to graduate with a degree in physics from Saint Joseph's College in Tiruchirappalli.

After graduation, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist. He worked on the development of ballistic missiles, including the successful launch of the Rohini satellite in 1980.

In the 1980s, Kalam became the chief executive of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), which aimed to develop a comprehensive range of missiles. Under his leadership, the programme was successful in developing the Prithvi, Akash, Trishul, and Nag missiles.

In addition to his work in missile development, Kalam also made significant contributions to India's civilian space programme, including the development of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

Kalam's contributions to science and technology were recognized with numerous awards and honors, including the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990. He also received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1997.

In 2002, Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India, becoming the first scientist and the first person from the state of Tamil Nadu to hold the office. He served as president until 2007 and was widely popular among the people.

After his term as president, Kalam returned to his life as a scientist and educator. He continued to inspire and mentor young people, particularly in the fields of science and technology. He also wrote several books, including "Wings of Fire" and "Ignited Minds."

Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management in Shillong. He was 84 years old. He is widely remembered and respected in India as a visionary leader and an inspiration to young people.

Biography - APJ Abdul Kalam